NCES.WH.H.3 - Understand how conflict and innovation influenced political, religious, economic and social changes in medieval civilizations.
- NCES.WH.H.3.1 - Explain how religion influenced political power and cultural unity in various regions of the Europe, Asia and Africa (e.g., Carolingian Dynasty, Holy Roman Empire, Ottoman Empire, Mughal Empire, Safavid Empire).
- NCES.WH.H.3.2 - Explain how religious and secular struggles for authority impacted the structure of government and society in Europe, Asia, and Africa (e.g., Cluniac Reforms, common law, Magna Carta, conflicts between popes and emperors, Crusades, religious schisms, Hundred Years' War, etc.).
- NCES.WH.H.3.3 - Analyze how innovations in agriculture, trade and business impacted the economic and social development of various medieval societies (e.g., Feudalism, Agricultural Revolutions, Commercial Revolution and development of a banking system, manorial system, growth of towns, etc.).
- NCES.WH.H.3.4 - Analyze how the desire for farmable land created conflict and impacted the physical environments of Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas (e.g., Agricultural Revolution in Europe, Muslim Agricultural Revolution, Mesoamerican and Andean agricultural innovations, etc.).